Barrier methods

Under this category fit condoms (both male and female), the cap and the diaphragm. They are called "barrier" methods because they work by providing a physical barrier that stops sperm entering the uterus.

Condoms are latex sheaths that cover the erect penis (male) or fit inside the vagina (female). They stop sperm entering a woman's uterus. They can be bought with lubricant (a slippery substance to make penetration easier), spermicide (a substance that kills sperm for extra safety) and also flavoured (for oral sex), coloured (who knows? for fun we guess though green willies don't appeal to us…) or textured for extra sensation during sex. These are the only types of contraception that offer some protection against sexually transmitted diseases (apart from not having sex at all).

Condoms can be bought in supermarkets, chemists and petrol stations or are available free from family planning clinics. When buying condoms always look out for a kite symbol or a CE mark on the packet to make sure they have been tested and meet British standards. This is especially relevant if you are buying them on holiday abroad.

Male condoms meeting these standards are estimated to be 94-98% effective if used properly according to the instructions on the packet. This means that for every 100 women relying on them, between 2 and 6 will get pregnant each year. For female condoms it is around 95%. There are many reasons why a condom may fail, including falling off, splitting, rotting (never use with oils like Vaseline or baby oil as it rots the rubber) and tearing. Don't store your condoms in a hot place (like the glove compartment) and never open a packet with your teeth. For reasons of hygiene and protection you should use a new condom every time you have sex; even if it is later that same night.

Diaphragms / Caps are contraception that fit inside the vagina and cover the cervix. They work similarly to condoms in that they prevent sperm from entering the uterus. Diaphragms are circular domes made of thin soft rubber; caps are similar but smaller. Both must be used with spermicide. They can be inserted some time before sex and must generally be left in for 6 hours after sex. These methods are about 92 - 96% effective if they are used carefully which means that 4-8 out of every 100 women will get pregnant using them each year.

Diaphragms and caps do not protect against sexually transmitted diseases so if this is your method of choice, you MUST be absolutely sure that your partner is free of diseases. If there is any doubt you can get tested at your local genito-urinary medicine or GUM Clinic (look in your telephone directory for the number or ask your GP).

For more information on these and other methods of contraception we recommend visiting the website of the Family Planning Association.

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